Fertility Testing 101: Understanding Diagnostic Procedures​

Fertility is the natural ability to conceive and carry a child to term. For many, it’s a journey filled with excitement and anticipation. However, for some, the road to parenthood may present unexpected challenges. This is where the concept of infertility comes into play – a term that can sound daunting but is more common than you might think.

According to WHO (World Health Organization), 1 in every 6 is affected by infertility. It is a condition that can affect all genders and can pose challenges when trying to get pregnant.

This is where fertility testing helps. It provides insights into reproductive health and offers solutions where needed. Whether you're wondering about your fertility status or seeking answers to why conception may be difficult, fertility testing offers clarity and direction. Let's understand it in detail.

What is fertility testing?

Fertility testing is a process that evaluates reproductive health through procedures like blood tests, imaging, semen analysis, etc. Its results help in identifying underlying issues and guide personalized treatment plans, including lifestyle changes or assisted reproductive technologies, to improve the chances of conception.

When should you consider fertility testing?

If you've been trying to conceive for a year without success (or six months if you're over 35), it's a good idea to schedule a doctor's consultation. Additionally, if you're aware of any underlying medical conditions that might affect fertility, such as irregular menstrual cycles or a history of reproductive issues, it's best to seek advice sooner rather than later.

Common diagnostic procedures used in fertility testing

Before fertility testing, healthcare professionals may try to understand your sexual habits better and make recommendations accordingly. But when the recommendations don't lead to a conception either, diagnostic procedures have to be carried out. These are different for women and men.

The procedures for women include - 

·      Medical history and physical examination - Assessing medical history and performing a physical examination to identify any underlying health issues or factors that may affect fertility.

·      Blood/hormone tests - Hormone blood tests evaluate various hormones involved in reproductive function, such as FSH (which controls the release of estrogen), LH (which controls the release of progesterone), estradiol, and thyroid hormones.

·      Ovulation assessment - Methods like basal body temperature charting, urinary ovulation predictor kits, hormone blood tests, etc., are used to track changes in hormone levels throughout the menstrual cycle.

·      Ultrasound Imaging - Transvaginal ultrasound is commonly used to examine the ovaries and uterus for abnormalities like ovarian cysts, fibroids, or polyps, as well as to monitor follicle development during ovulation.

·      Hysterosalpingography (HSG) - This is an X-ray procedure that evaluates the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes for abnormalities or blockages.

·      Hysteroscopy - A minimally invasive procedure to directly visualize the uterine cavity for abnormalities like polyps, fibroids, or adhesions.

·      Endometrial Biopsy - This refers to the sampling of the uterine lining to assess for abnormalities or hormonal imbalances that may affect implantation or fertility.

The procedures for men include - 

·      Medical history and physical examination - Similar to females, assessing medical history and performing a physical examination to identify any underlying health issues or factors affecting fertility.

·      Semen analysis - A fundamental test to evaluate sperm count, motility, morphology, and other parameters related to your sperm health.

·      Blood tests/ hormone tests - Hormone blood tests may be conducted to assess testosterone levels and other hormones relevant to male reproductive function.

·      Ultrasound imaging - Transrectal or scrotal ultrasound may be performed to examine the testes, epididymis, and other structures for abnormalities such as varicoceles or similar issues.

·      Genetic testing - In cases of suspected genetic disorders or recurrent miscarriages, genetic testing may be recommended to assess for genetic abnormalities that could affect fertility or pregnancy outcomes.

·      Testicular biopsy - A testicular biopsy takes a tiny piece of tissue from the testicles for examination. It's not usually needed for checking infertility, but sometimes it's done to see if there's anything blocking sperm from being present in semen.

Seek help - your emotional health matters

Understand that fertility testing can bring up a whirlwind of emotions. It's common to experience feelings of anxiety, fear, and uncertainty during this time. Therefore, it is important for partners to openly communicate and lean on each other during this time. Professional counselors, support groups, meetings with couples going through the same journey, etc., can also help.

Additionally, it's essential to approach fertility testing with realistic expectations, understanding that results may vary and that it's just one step in the process and several opprtunities and solutions are available. 

Taking care of yourself emotionally is just as important as the physical diagnosis, tests, and more. 

Common misconceptions about fertility testing

Misconceptions are your biggest enemy when it comes to healthcare. Don't let assumptions about fertility testing stop you. You may come across misconceptions like -

It's only for women - No! infertility is a condition that can affect all genders, and it is important to get tests done for your overall well-being and family planning.

It's painful and invasive - Fertility might come with a certain level of discomfort, but most tests are painless and non-invasive. None of them are done without your full consent, so make sure to talk to your doctor before going forward with any.

It guarantees pregnancy - Fertility tests provide you with details about your reproductive health but don't always guarantee a conception. However, that doesn't mean your parenthood journey ends here, options like IVF, adoption, surrogacy, and more are always available.

It's only for older couples - Fertility tests are for anyone wanting to start a family. In fact, the earlier you get a test done, the faster you can remedy any underlying issues.

Insure your future today

Fertility testing is one of the best ways to improve your chances of pregnancy. However, the procedures can be expensive and repetitive. Having health insurance in place can aid you in getting the fertility treatment you want without any hassle. Further, life insurance can help you secure your child's future from day one. Future Generali offers several insurance options for all your needs. So, insure your future today.